Wednesday, August 26, 2020

Internet Effects on Students Essay Sample free essay sample

Since the last 30 mature ages. there have been numerous mechanical adjustments and improvement. During that period. figuring machine and the internet are among the quickest evolved engineerings. Be that as it may, in that exceptional period. there have been comparable mornings. Movies. remote. records. communicate broadcasting. audiotape. tape. modified learning machines. and so forth. These changes of engineerings have other than influenced our larning foundations, for example, school. school and colleges. Actually the effect on most of guidance and securing has been least. The internet associates registering machine networks everywhere throughout the universe so clients can partition assets and speak with one another. Some registering machines can dish directly to all the establishments on the internet, for example, the colleges. universities and schools. Also, other figuring machines. for representation exclusive or remain solitary 1s. are interfaces in a roundabout way through a business administration provider. which can give fractional or brimming with the Internet establishments. So as to be associated with Internet. you should go through specialist co-ops. There is a clump of choices offered with month to month rates balance contingent upon the alternative picked. course clasp might be unique. The Internet is the thing that we call a metanetwork. abiding a web that traverses the full Earth. It is hard to give a precise check of the figure of networks or clients that contain the Internet. in any case, it is simple during the 1000s and 1000000s severally. The Internet have a lot of normalized conventions which take into consideration the sharing of assets among various sorts of registering machines and clients that speak with one another on the web. These measures. once in a while alluded to as the Internet Protocol Suite. are the guidelines that designers hold fast to when making new maps for the Internet. The Internet is other than what we call an appropriated framework ; there is no cardinal files. Actually. no 1 runs the Internet. Or maybe. the Internet is comprised of 1000s of littler networks. The Internet are creates by numerous clients who finds another approaches to make. appear and recoup the data that comprises the Internet. Toward the start. the Internet was initially utilized by the Department of Defense as a way to secure specialists interchanges frameworks in case of a military work stoppage. The first web. called ARPANet which has been created by Advanced Research Projects Agency. advanced into a correspondences channel among temporary workers. military powers. furthermore, college research laborers who were loaning to ARPA endeavors. So as to make a viable way of correspondences and informations offering to every others. the web has been made up with a lot of standard conventions. In the 1980’s. ARPAnet spreads famously and generally among research laborers. Thus. the National Science Foundation ( NSFNet ) has connected a few high speed processing machines and assumed responsibility for what had come to be referred to by us all as the Internet. A huge number of teaming up networks participate in the Internet during the late 1980’s. In 1991. the U. S. Superior Computing Act built up the NREN ( National Research A ; Education Network ) . NREN’s targets was to create and keep high-speed networks for examination and guidance. also, to investigate business uses for the Internet. The rest of. as it's been said. is history in the contriving. The Internet has been improved through the advancements of a few administrations, for example, Gopher and the World Wide Web. Web keeps on turning as an enlightening. originative. what's more, business assets each twenty-four hours and in everywhere throughout the universe despite the fact that it is prevalently thought as an exploration arranged web. ( American University in Cairo. 2002 ) About more than one tierce of the populace known to mankind mindful of the internet. It is likely one of the most hummed words in the advanced age. The more youthful coevals is completely subject to the Internet. The current coevals does non require whatever else when they have dish to the Internet. The majority of students presently scarcely counsel books to move up stuffs for their review. They indiscriminately depend on the Internet to make so. Web BENEFITS FOR STUDENTS Focus of informationInternet perhaps genuinely has something of import to offer since individuals presents are such a great amount into it. People groups can move up any sort of data that they need with the guide of the web. Understudies do non require to venture out to libraries any more extended to move up review stuffs from the books that are kept at that place since they can secure every one of them from digital books. They can get something very similar gave in books through the Internet inside a small amount of seconds. There are numerous thi nanograms which are at that place on the web however scarcely found in the books. Some of the time. there are openings that individuals may come up short on data handiness in books. Be that as it may, they can look for the equivalent with no worries on the web. There is scarcely any data which is non accessible in the web. Alternatives for larning Course to the internet are accessible to the majority of schools these yearss. Furthermore, most teachers set up their overview stuffs for students with the guide of the web. The instructing learning strategy has become simpler and much smooth after the happening to the internet. Regardless of whether students have any disarray with the directions of the educators. they can unclutter it by taking the guide of Internet. There are numerous medium that they can specify to look for explanation on one to pic, for example, gathering. what's more, presently. with the developing of cultural media. 2. 3Less Cost and Time Consumption The Internet non only causes the understudies to move up study stuffs however helps everyone and anyone who needs to look for any informations. Today. the web plays an of import work in our everyday life. Universal exchanges and exchanges are being done through the Internet correlation with nonprescription managing in old clasp. This will definiately cut the expense and clasp when one can online at whenever and wherever. each piece long as they have web association. Truth be told. rumored instructive foundations lead on-line tests to recognize their students. Makes better visual sensible thinkingIn request to secure through a meeting of an organization today. one needs to hold a decent perception about the web. An ongoing overview by Johnson ( 2008 ) related with the method toward cognizance and perception of understudies to the frequence of Internet use. She found that those school understudies who are visit Internet clients show better visual intelligent reasoning. These understudy can make things happen great of what they have in their mind onto the paper. They other than can deliver increasingly basic idea as their situation in visual picture are more extensive. Produce positif perspectives toward figuring machinesUsing the internet for learning and learning goals are procuring expanding going to over the ongoing mature ages. Understudies that have simple course to processing machines in organized learning foundation could deliver inspirational mentalities toward the use of figuring machines in guidance and procurement. PC enhanced procurement condition are emphatically related with students’ perspectives toward processing machines when all is said in done. furthermore, the capacity of registering machines in facilitating guidance and obtaining. ( Mitra and Steffensmeier. 2000 ) . Liu. Macmillan. what's more, Timmons ( 1998 ) saw joining registering machines into an obtaining framework as a complex instructional framework in which student procurement is affected by lectors. understudies. authoritative and capable staff. registering machine equipment and bundle assets. what's more the figuring machine research lab and schoolroom scenes . They revealed that students with uplifting mentalities toward using figuring machines other than have inspirational perspectives toward using processing machines for their obtaining. Genuine experience acquisitionStudents can make existent encounters larning from the internet. The idea that securing is a valuable system are broadly acknowledged rather than inactively get data. researchers are effectively develop insight. Through these positions. Web applications give to utilize and see the establishments of constructivist position ( Plomp. et Al. . 1996 ) . In add-on to this. Web assists with facilitating purposeful larning condition. Inside the gathering heterogeneousness. positive gathering commonality. single answerability and gathering rewarding constituents of purposeful obtaining. understudies can encounter the feeling of gathering kineticss and thought process on their securing through the internet ( Crane. 2000 ) . Through the constructivist assault. joining Internet to the guidance is so natural and strong. This can facilitate the serious extent of the achievements for understudies in work goals and investigating data through the guide of the Internet es tablishments ( Roblyer. 2000 ) . In light of constructivist and understudy focused feeling of guidance. students should get the vision and be dynamic in building what is required for adjustment and developing on the issue of instructive designing significance and applications. All coordinating of these positions ought to be in the repertory of the understudies to be greatly improved for securing. Understudies must follow that eagerness ; cognizance is the principal measure in using the innovative establishments. So as to use it viably. productively and quickly. there ought to be correct and uplifting perspectives of the client. Inconvenient EFFECTS OF INTERNETThe the internet is viewed as the biggest data base and it has play an of import capacity of our lives. Not only can we dish an expansive aggregate of informations on the internet yet it can other than can be use as a channel of imparting. Thankss to web. Electronic sends and texts have made on-line imparting conceivable today. Person to person communication sites and on-line treatment discussions

Saturday, August 22, 2020

Workforce issues in nursing Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Workforce issues in nursing - Research Paper Example A few workforce accounts have showed up in the most recent decade to portray the reason and impact of the general nursing shortage on medicinal services. Most of these investigations express that enrolled medical attendants comprise of the prime human services calling, with 2,000,000 positions (Sherman, 2006). A report archived by the Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations expresses that, 126,000 opportunities in nursing are not filled in medicinal services foundations (Sherman, 2006). This implies, a general size of 13% for the positions isn't involved (Sherman, 2006). The State University of New York reports that, deficiencies in nursing were cited as a significant point by 90% of the nations in question (Sherman, 2006). Few female medical caretakers join the calling because of the accessibility of work chances for ladies in male controlled fields. Not many understudies enrolled into nursing alternatives as there was a perceived staff lack, and a maturing work power going for retirement or jobs that are distressing (Hart, 2006). The NSSRN reports that, the typical time of the whole enrolled medical caretakers populace was foreseen at 45 years old in 2000, which is the greatest age since the examination was started (Buerhaus, Staiger, and Auerbach, 2000). Buerhaus, Staiger, and Auerbach (2000) keep on showing that not many staff individuals were underneath 40 years old. This clarifies why a gigantic level of people have a contrary mentality towards the nursing calling. The degree of work fulfillment contrasts on where medical caretakers play out their obligations. Attendants utilized in clinics experience poor employment fulfillment. Imbalanced staffing, weighty employments, extra time, and inadequate wages are cited as head supporters of lack in nursing (Sherman, 2006). Throughout my calling, I have encountered a ton of medical attendants staying at work past 40 hours with patients. I have likewise experienced

Friday, August 21, 2020

How Do You Visit a College

How Do You Visit a College Choosing a college is a huge decision, which is why schools offer college visits. A college visit is a way for students to take a small tour of a school they’re thinking of attending. With standardized tests, applications, and your own classes, you might think a college visit is going to be the straw that’ll break the camel’s back (the camel in this situation being youâ€"embrace it). When its time to make that final college decision, though, visits like these can make your life a lot easier. That’s why we’re going over the basics on how to do them successfully. How to Sign Up Like camels, college visits come in many shapes and sizes. These include casual weekday tours, larger open houses, self-guided tours, and even virtual tours for students who can’t make it to campus. Schools may also have different tours geared toward different students, such as students who haven’t applied yet, students who were recently admitted, or students interested in specific programs. All these tours are led by college admissions, and you can easily find more about them on the school’s website. You can of course just walk onto campus without signing up for anythingâ€"that will be an adventure in itselfâ€"but if you’re traveling all that way to learn more about the school, we recommend you interact with the admissions department somehow during your visit. You’ll get more access, information, and insight than you would if you were just wandering around by yourself. Find out what options work best for you and your family, and make a plan. How to Prepare You won’t be preparing for anything if you don’t sign up! Make sure you do. You can sign up online or contact the admissions department of the college you want to see. Next, it’s a good idea to know where you’re going and how to get there. You can get pretty confused if you show up to campus without a clue as to where you’re supposed to be. Knowing things like which exit to take off the highway and what building to park at will make your day start off a lot more smoothly. To help keep your day running smoothly, be sure to look up the forecast beforehand and dress for the weather. Don’t forget things like gloves and hats, or sunglasses and sunscreen, or umbrellas and water bottles, or skis and scuba gear, or anything else you usually need on long walks. If you’re not sure, bring along an extra jacket that you can throw on if you need to. And don’t forget towear comfortable walking shoes. You’ll learn a lot on the tour, so it’s okay if you don’t do too much research ahead of time. Still, it might be helpful to bring alonga list of questions that you can fill out during your visit. Here are some to get you started: How many students are usually in a class?How easy is it to get to classes?Do most students live in residence halls after their freshman year?What clubs or nonacademic opportunities do you have on campus?How many giraffes will I see on a typical day?Are there any areas on or off campus that aren’t safe?Are there any bus/train/cab services that students use to go home on weekends or for breaks?Who do I contact if I have questions about the application? Your questions may be different depending on what stage you’re at in your college search, but these can be a good starting point. When You’re There Traffic was worse than your parents thought, and now your dad is in one of those angry moods where he doesn’t say anything. You’ve reverted to that fussy, 13-year-old version of yourself that you all thought you grew out of.Theres a fight over where to eat lunch. The bottom line is that the idea of college is probably going to stress both you and your family out, even if you don’t realize it, and that this stress will come out in all kinds of ways. These things always happen when a big change is on its way, and your transition to college is indeed a big change. Remember that even though change can make things confusing and uncomfortable, it also opens the door to exciting opportunities and personal growth. Hang in there. And while your parents (or anyone else you’re going with) are there for you on your tour, you should also be there for them. You and everyone else will have such a better experience if you make an effort to be patient and open-minded. During your visit, be honest about how you feel. Have an idea aboutwhat to look for when touring each school. Even with all the stress, try to focus on what you’re there for (visiting a college) rather than what you’re not there for. After You Leave After you get off campus, it’s a good idea to take some notes on what stuck out to you. How much did the college live up to your expectations? If you haven’t already, you might want to print outour college visit guide to help organize your thoughts. Try consolidating your notes into a simple pros and cons chart. You can do this right after each college visit and compare them later.It will help you answer the golden question, “What college is right for me?” You’ll have different experiences at each college, but remember to keep an open mind and be honest with yourself. Everything will be fineâ€"and,should you be visiting Illinois, everything will also be orange and blue. college college prep resources planning visit Illinois Admissions We're here for you as you prepare for college. Whether you're looking for guidance on the college search process or have questions about Illinois, we hope our blogs will help!

Sunday, May 24, 2020

Social Responsibility And Its Impact On The Public Eye

Reputation Management WebFinance 2016 defines Repman as activities performed by individuals or organisations with the goal of creating a certain image or representation of themselves in the public eye. Eisenegger Imhof 2008 endorse this definition as they explicitly state that Reputation can be used to measure a business’ activity and they also state that a lot of Repman isn’t actually seen but carries a lot of weight within that image perception. They state that there are 6 dimensions of reputation that have varying impact depending on the sector applied. The dimensions are Product Services, Financial Performance, Vision Leadership, Workplace Enviroment, Social Responsibility and finally Emotional Appeal. These 6 dimensions are favourable to CP as their variety allows for more competition and power distribution without the interference of higher powers (in theory) furthermore it allows for more individuals to gain power through the discussion and co-operation that comes from self-representation. The opposing view to this is suggested by Power 2004. He proposes that politicians should take a more active role, especially when it concerns the issue of public representation and reputation perception. He goes so far as to remark on the actions of the British government as â€Å"Organised Paranoia† in this regard. This view opposes one of the core values of CP in that it touts that the government should be a regulatory body and interfere as little as possible. This couldShow MoreRelatedIn this essay I will be discussing the role and impact of Corporate Social Responsibility in event1500 Words   |  6 PagesIn this essay I will be discussing the role and impact of Corporate Social Responsibility in event management in the 21st Century. I will research and report examples, with supporting evidence. Firstly, I shall begin with defining Corporate Social Responsibility and then I will turn my attention to the challenges of CSR along with, why it is crucial for businesses and what the outcomes are if Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) is overlooked. Throughout this essay I will be providing examples ofRead MoreCsr Reflection Paper On Enron And Worldcom Collapsed1667 Words   |  7 PagesCSR Reflection Paper When Enron and WorldCom collapsed in the early 2000’s, the accounting profession suffered as the public had trouble trusting auditors. The accounting firm, Arthur Andersen, conducted the audits, tax compliance, and consulting for the companies mentioned above. Following public pressure and reputation damage, Arthur Andersen went out of business. Arthur Andersen went belly up because their actions were not socially responsible, as their actions caused investors to lose largeRead MoreA Company s Corporate Social Responsibility Essay1380 Words   |  6 Pagesimportant for a company to make a profit, a business also has a responsibility to help better the community, this is referred to as a company’s Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR). Some elements of CSR that corporations focus on are sustainability, community service, and consumer affairs. A company’s CSR is featured on its website, however, some corporations fail at following through with their social and e nvironmental responsibilities. 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The business organization of any form whether it is small or large, are seen as a creation of society and their survival is only dependent on the society. Socially responsible firms view CSR as a source of competitive advantage by attracting a higherRead MoreThe Importance Of Corporate Social Responsibility1189 Words   |  5 PagesCorporate Social Responsibility Corporate social responsibility has become one the highly debated issues in the corporate and social sciences world. Nowadays, the most successful companies have the most effective CSR strategies. Starry is the trending startups company of 2017 in the USA because of its innovative idea. It is providing high-speed internet in the USA up to GB/s with the latest technology. Its the companys responsibility to provide this high-speed broadband service to remote areasRead MoreThe Financial Impact of Corporate Ethics: Positive for Some, Not for All1059 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿ Table of contents Executive summary...1 Introduction...1 Changing attitudes towards corporate responsibility...1 Corporate responsibility and ethics...2 Case study: Starbucks...2 Conclusion...3 The financial impact of corporate ethics: Positive for some, not for all Executive summary This paper provides a general overview of changing attitudes towards corporate ethics, along with a specific case study of the Starbucks Corporation. Although corporations remain profit-making institutionsRead MoreThe And Human Impact On Society1732 Words   |  7 PagesTime to Change – Where to Start? Financial reporting alone does not take into consideration the social, economic, and environmental responsibilities of a business. On the other hand, financial reporting along with sustainability reporting interconnects these responsibilities, and offers more comprehensive information about the financial and human impact on society. Sustainability reporting discloses other relevant information about a company that financial reporting lacks. Currently, laws and regulationsRead MoreTimberland Management : Timberland Company1693 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"Our mission is to equip people to make a difference in their world. We do this by creating outstanding products and by trying to make a difference in the communities where we live and work† (Timberland, C). Timberlands actions have had a great impact on not only society but other corporations as well. In 1992 Timberland launched their path to service program, which allows employees up to 40 hours of paid community service hours community. In fact, according to the Timberland website at thisRead MoreThe Management Practices Of Elizabeth Arden Inc.1215 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction / History / Company Background The company was established in 1910 by Elizabeth Arden, famous for introducing eye make-up in the US (About Elizabeth Arden, 2016). Elizabeth Arden’s global headquarters are located in Florida, New York and Stamford (Elizabeth Arden Inc., 2015). Geneva in Switzerland was chosen for the international managerial center (Elizabeth Arden Inc., 2015). There are 18 more countries with Elizabeth Arden’s offices distributed around the world (Elizabeth Arden

Thursday, May 14, 2020

Comparing Plato, James Madison, and John Mills Essay

Comparing Plato, James Madison, and John Mills Plato, James Madison, and John Mills are all supporters of the idea that opinion must be discussed in public debate. In my own reason-based thought this idea that through silence ignorance grows louder is my own general understanding. In Platos The Republic he discuses the idea that there is first knowledge at the first degree. In the second degree there is opinion which is neither proven to be true or false. In the last degree is falsehood. He argues that opinion is not pure knowledge and therefore can not be pure truth. Plato goes on to say, But surely when a man is deceived in his own mind we can fairly call his ignorance of the truth true falsehood. For a false†¦show more content†¦Plato stated, And it will produce its natural effects also in the individual. It renders him incapable of action because of internal conflicts and division of purpose, and sets him at variance with himself and with all who are just. He said this about men who were at odds with themselves. In reality falsehood causes inner conflict and in order to have inner peace that conflict must be resolved. Therefore, the falsehood in ones own mind must be purged and tested by the means of public debate to solve the inner con flict and set the man at peace. In James Madisons Federalist # 10 is also familiar with Platos writings. Madison said, As long as the reason of man continues fallible, and he is at liberty to exercise it, different opinions will be formed. As long as the connection subsists between his reason and his self-love, his opinion and his passions will have a reciprocal influence on each other. This idea connects with the thought that in order to find pure knowledge these opinions must be brought to public understanding to be tested and debated for their truthfulness. Madison further states, No man is allowed to be judge in his own cause; because his interest will certainly bias his judgment, and, not improbably, corrupt his integrity. Also in my opinion, the man will not have inner peace due to his bias. Thus, it is important to have a forum to voice these truths that we hold in our mind so as to have the inner peace we want. JohnShow MoreRelatedInternational Management67196 Words   |  269 PagesAnyansiArchibong, North Carolina AT State University; Lauryn Migenes, University of Central Florida; Jan Flynn, Georgia College and State University; Valerie S. Perotti, Rochester Institute of Technology; Joseph Richard Goldman, University of Minnesota; James P. Johnson, Rollins College; Juan F. Ramirez, Nova Southeastern University; Lawrence A. Beer, Arizona State University; Tope A. Bello, East Carolina University; Irfan Ahmed, Sam Houston State University; Alan N. Miller, University of Nevada, Las Vegas;Read MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 PagesConflict 375 SKILL LEARNING 376 Interpersonal Conflict Management 376 Mixed Feelings About Conflict 376 Diagnosing the Type of Interpersonal Conflict 378 Conflict Focus 378 Conflict Source 380 Selecting the Appropriate Conflict Management Approach 383 Comparing Conflict Management and Negotiation Strategies 386 Selection Factors 386 Resolvi ng Interpersonal Confrontations Using the Collaborative Approach A General Framework for Collaborative Problem Solving 391 The Four Phases of Collaborative Problem Solving

Wednesday, May 6, 2020

The Perspective On Income And Privilege Essay - 985 Words

I agree with the interactionist perspective. Certain races or ethnicities are advantageous when obtaining power and privilege. For example, White households have a higher income than non-White Hispanics or Blacks. The data provided on page 82 illustrates the income gap, â€Å"Black household had the lowest median income in 2013 ($34,598), non- Hispanic White households ($58,270). Median income for Hispanic households was $40,963† (Leon-Guerrero 2016). This data obtained from the U.S. Census reveals there are differences in income and wealth depending on race. Employment is also important when discussing wealth. According to the textbook, â€Å"Blacks and Hispanics have not been able to achieve the same earnings of level of wealth as White Americans have† (Leon-Guerrero 2016). One of the consequences of wealth disparity is lower access of home ownership. As a result of race or ethnicity people have limited housing options. Leon- Guerrero says, â€Å"Minority groups have been denied similar access because of structural barriers such as discrimination, low income, and lack of credit access† (2016). This results in a large home ownership gap which allows Whites to own their home as opposed to the minorities who are denied credit and cannot purchase a home of their choice. Lower aces to health care and the quality of care once in the system for minority groups are examples of privilege and power. Depending on race, minorities have less medical care coverage as opposed to non- HispanicShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of My White Privilege On The Lgbtq Community Essay1198 Words   |  5 PagesThe modern queer community exists with fine lines of privilege and distinctions of status. Factors that determine power and influence in mainstream society are perpetuated within the LGBTQ community and serve as indicators of division. Throughout my life, I have experienced privilege and I understand that as a white, gay man, I hold disproportionate influence. I und erstand that the factors of race and sexuality have held a considerable impact on my life and my experiences as a member of both theRead MoreEssay about The Status of Single Mothers1651 Words   |  7 PagesSocial Policy and Management, where she worked on a major study of welfare reform and family well-being. Her postdoctoral training was in Risk Resiliency in Child Adolescent development. She conducted research on domestic violence among diverse low-income and welfare-reliant families. She also participated in several state policy committees through the Massachusetts Coalition against Sexual Assault and Domestic Violence (Purvin). Charles A. Reich is an American legal and social scholar as well asRead MoreAnalysis Of White Privilege : Unpacking The Invisible Backpack949 Words   |  4 Pages Imagine if everyone in our society carried all of their privileges somehow. Imagine if everyone carried a knapsack. This knapsack carries all of our privileges, whether it is our gender, religion, or even simply our ability to breathe without an oxygen tank. Every knapsack that everyone carries is different; however, the only way we could know what’s in a knapsack, you have to be willing to ask and look for your answers. Peggy McIntosh exploits this concept of a â€Å"knapsack†, as she pulls apart what’sRead MoreWhite Privilege: Unpacking the Invisible Knapsack920 Words   |  4 PagesIn the article, â€Å"White Privilege: Unpacking the Invisible Knapsack†, Peggy McIntosh talks about the various privileges white people receive. Her basic idea was to inform the readers that whites are taught to ignore the fact that they enjoy social privileges that people of color do not because we live in a society of white dominance. McIntosh lists some daily white priv ileges; a variety of daily instances where white dominance is clear. Her examples include privileges relating to education, careersRead MoreAfrican American History And Education Of All Perspectives Essay1522 Words   |  7 Pagesprovide new materials, and perspectives, seamlessly with the knowledge to provide new levels of understanding from a more complete and accurate curriculum. According to Gorski, Stage 4 is where a teacher dedicates her- or himself to continuously expanding her or his knowledge base through the exploration of various sources from various perspectives, and sharing that knowledge with her or his students. Students learn to view events, concepts, and facts through various perspectives. When teaching AmericanRead MoreThe Conflict And Functionalist Theories Behind Social Class1496 Words   |  6 Pagessignificant issue for sociologist and society, is to identify how social class, can affect an individual. The functionalist theory on social class, is that there n eeds to be a certain degree of inequality, as a way to hold society together in regards to income, as this can become a key element, to motivate people to study, encouraging efficiency. Functionalist argue, that inequality is justified, and those who are at the top, deserve to be there. Functionalist believe, stratification is unavoidable, becauseRead MoreSociological And Historical Structure Identifying My Life1407 Words   |  6 Pageshad play a huge role. In applying C.W. Mills’ theoretical perspective of symbolic interactionism I will attempt to link how Mills’ theory has influenced three key areas of my life. I will first explain how symbolic interactionism played a role in my age, career, and income. Lastly, I will entertain the ideal of envisioning how my life’s chances would be different if I were a white woman in American society. C.W. Mills’ theoretical perspective of symbolic interactionism rests on the foundation of howRead MoreAmerica s New Aristocracy And An Hereditary Meritocracy1486 Words   |  6 Pagescapital grows, privilege has become increasingly heritable. The author shows that brains are the most important factor leading to the succeed of people and that is the way talented people get more wealth. In general, the article is about the link between the inheritable privilege and education in the United States. The privilege is heritable from parents to their kids not only in wealth but also in intellect. Children who were born in the conditional family with higher parental income are more likelyRead MoreToxic Inequality Summary1042 Words   |  5 Pages1998 raising three kids at ages six, three, and two. Together, they made around $83,000 and had around $90,000 in assets which placed them solidly in the middle class. Twelve years later, Allison and David experienced setbacks but increased their income to about $125,000. Their financial assets quadrupled to a whopping $368,000 and saved up thousands of dollars for retirement. However, with the economy downsizing on the heels of the Great Recession and uneven job recovery heavily tilted toward low-wageRead MoreRacial Prejudice And Racial Discrimination Essay1347 Words   |  6 Pagesracial gap widens in a number of aspects such as higher education, pay/wealth, homicide and health; and a disparity within the workplace, increase exponentially, where black people are â€Å"underrepresented in high–income fields like business, law and medicine, and overrepresented in lower–income jobs like food preparation and driving†, it is clear that a racial democracy does not exist (Irwin, Miller, Sanger-katz, 2014). These racial discriminations also extended to Native American’s, Hispanics and

Tuesday, May 5, 2020

Bring It On free essay sample

It’s the one word that I never thought would be applied to me. This time it wasn’t the neighbor or the relative or even the co-worker†¦it was me. That one phone call from my oncologist. That one sentence my parents spoke to me. That one word—cancer. As I walked into Children’s Hospital Oncology clinic, my stomach was churning. What is going on? What is happening to me? What does cancer even mean? The first round of chemo had started. Soon after, I lost my hair, having to conceal my bald head with a bandana. My dad had to give me daily shots to boost my immune system, and just watching his displeasure made me cringe. The second round soon started and I was back overnight in the hospital. I managed to balance out school, dance, and treatment. I kept up my grades, receiving all A’s and B’s that semester, and rarely missed a dance class. We will write a custom essay sample on Bring It On or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Trying to keep up with treatment and life, the third round came quicker than the last two. A week later, my final PET scan was done. The next couple days seemed to drag on. Back in the oncology clinic, my doctor gave me the greatest news possible. â€Å"The scans are clear. The cancer is gone.† Elated, I happily proclaimed that I was now cancer free. As I think back on my three months of treatment, now five and half years in remission, I realize just how strong I was. I remember having so many questions. I remember the boxes upon boxes of chocolates that family and friends had sent. I remember what kind of a person I used to be. That one word made me humble. That one word made me empathetic. That one word gave me wisdom. If it weren’t for cancer, I would have missed out. I wouldn’t have gained the humbleness, empathy, and wisdom that I did. I can’t explain to you exactly how. I can’t paint a pretty story that tells you exactly what experience during that time gave me that humbleness, empathy, and wisdom. I can’t outline perfectly the reasons. All I know is, cancer is a part of me. I saw the change in myself. It’s not something that I can put onto paper. If I had a time machine, would I go back and change it? Never. Did I ever think that my life-altering experience would be life-threatening? Not once. If I relapsed, would I say, â€Å"Bring it on?† Without a doubt. That one word—cancer—is my friend.

Friday, April 3, 2020

Discipleship Counseling Essay Example Essay Example

Discipleship Counseling Essay Example Paper Discipleship Counseling Essay Introduction Discipleship Counseling CCOU201 B06 Discipleship counseling written by Dr. Neil T. Anderson is a complete guide to helping others walk in Freedom and grow in Christ. This book is very useful to church leaders, counselors, lay leaders, anyone who needs a step by step guide on biblical counseling. This book gives the reader a better understanding on how discipleship counseling works and shows them how to create a counseling ministry in their own church. Dr. Neil T. Anderson lays out a very strong foundation of counseling through truth, Christ, the work of the Holy Spirit, the counselees’ faith and the support of the Christian community. He discusses the encouragers and the counselees’ role in discipleship counseling. Both parties must be open to the move of the Holy Spirit and his truth for the road to recovery, healing and freedom in Christ Jesus. Dr. Neil Anderson combines the ideas found in Helping Others Find Freedom in Christ and Helping Others Find Freedom in Christ Study Guide. Also, he focuses on four specific counseling areas to help the reader better understand the importance of discipleship counseling. One, he focuses on defining mental health and understanding how biblical counseling addresses the whole person, their body, soul and spirit. Two, counseling the spiritually oppressed and counseling in Christ to resolve root issues. We will write a custom essay sample on Discipleship Counseling Essay Example specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Discipleship Counseling Essay Example specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Discipleship Counseling Essay Example specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Three, overcoming false guidance, deception, bitterness and rebellion. And, most importantly helping others experience freedom in Christ by helping them understand the root causes of their spiritual problems and applying biblical solutions. Truth is very important when it comes to counseling. It is essential for secular counseling and especially for Christian counseling because truth is the foundation. It is the counselee’s responsibility to be honest and forthright in order to get the help that they need. In James 5:16, clearly states, â€Å"Therefore confess your sins to each other and pray for each other so that you may be healed. The prayer of a righteous man is powerful and effective. † In order to be an effective counselor, the counselee should not be in denial but honest about all their hurts, issues and concerns. Before any healing can take place, confession must be the first step. Also, the encourager must live and speak truth in their personal life and when they counsel. Discipleship Counseling Essay Body Paragraphs In order to be an effective counselor, they must be led by the Spirit of truth. The Holy Spirit must be present at all times because he â€Å"enables Christian counselors to commune with God and access the knowledge of God revealed in scripture (Tim Clinton, Archibald hart amp; George Ohlschlager. ,p. 66). † It is the Holy Spirits job to lead the encourager and the counselee out of darkness and into the marvelous light. As, it was mentioned in the previous paragraph, truth is the foundation of Christian counseling, which is God’s written word, the Holy Bible. In 2 Timothy 3:16 it states that, â€Å"all scripture is given to us by inspiration of the Holy Spirit and is profitable for teaching, for reproof, for correction and for training in righteousness. So, that the man of God may be thoroughly equipped for every word good work. † So, the word of God instructs the counselee how to live a life that is proper and pleasing to God. The truth encounter, James 4:7 â€Å"Submit yourselves, then to God. Resist the Devil and he will flee from you. † In order to be an effective disciple and encourager they must first submit to God, second resist the devil and third, he will have no authority in their life. Many people will try to resist the devil without submitting to God and fail continuously. And, they are those who submit to God, but they do not resist the devil and they remain in bondage. The truth is God has given his church power and authority over Satan and his dark forces in high places. If Christian counselors do not exercise the power and authority God has given them, they are not able to delegate responsibility. In, caring for people God’s way the authors state that, â€Å"power is the strength or might to change; the ability to execute a plan; and the capacity to remain firm and constant in a situation, despite opposition,† (p. 5). Once the truth encounter is realized the counselor will not operate in the spirit of fear or their flesh. They must know that Christ has given them authority and through the Holy Spirit they are empowered. So, discipleship counselors should take pleasure in knowing that Satan is a defeated foe and he has no authority to set the agenda in their counseling session. The second most significant point in Discipleship counseling is root issues. Dr. Neil T. Anderson discusses seven root issues that need to be resolved in the counselee’s life. One, false guidance and participation with cults and the occult. Two, Deception, â€Å"people are living in bondage to the lies they believe,† (p. 141). Three, bitterness. Unfortunately many people carry, â€Å"emotional scars and bears the pain of wounds inflicted upon them by others,† (p. 141). Four, rebellion. In this age, many people are rebellious and do not respect authority. Five, pride it â€Å"keeps us locked in a pattern of false thinking and prevents us from seeking the help we need,† (p. 143). Six, habitual sin, this root issue will keep the counselee in bondage, hindering their desire to live free in Christ. And, the seventh root issue is family ties. The counselee must repent and break the cycle of generational curses. An individual cannot grow unless they deal the root issue of their problem. Many people will repeat the same destructive thinking and behaviors because the root issue was never resolved. Once the root issue is discovered and dealt wit h, the counselee will grow and experience changes in their behavior. The seven steps â€Å"will bring to the surface any issues that are critical between a person and God,† (p. 148). Disciple counseling is all about helping the counselee resolve their root issues with four important methods. One, allowing God to cure the soul. It is not the counselors responsibility to cure the counselee, it is their job to work with God, â€Å"as He cures the soul,† (p. 159). Two, relying on God’s strength to find freedom, starting with positive affirmation. Three, getting to the root of the issue in the presence of God. â€Å"God will provide the guidance we need in order to get at the root issues, and He will provide the power to change,† (p. 161). And, four dealing with repressed memories and working through them with the help of God. The third significant point is establishing and maintaining freedom in Christ Jesus. Freedom in Christ is having the desire and power t o know, love, worship and obey God,†(Spiritual Freedom Manual). Christ is the only way for anyone to be freed from the chains and bondage from Satan, the flesh and the world. Also, Tim Clinton and etc. , in Caring for people God’s way, declares that â€Å"many people who will not be freed-including freed enough to grow into maturity-without a supernatural encounter with the Holy Spirit† (p. 49). So, without the acceptance of Christ and his Spirit of truth, the counselee will never experience change. Their symptoms will be treated but the root issues will never be resolved. In order for the counselee to maintain their freedom they need to know: â€Å"(1) who they are in Christ; (2) the authority and protection of the believer; (3) the nature of the battle that is going on for their minds; and (4) how to walk by faith by the power of the Holy Spirit according to what God said is true,† (p. 167). Before wounds can heal, the counselee must establish their free dom in Christ first. On a daily basis the counselee must choose each day to walk in their freedom, by renouncing Satan and walking in the truth of God. Dr. Neil Anderson states, â€Å"Every work of Satan and every way of Satan had to be renounced in order for repentance to be complete† (p. 221). The counselee must exercise their God given authority daily because the encourager cannot do it for them. It is also important that the counselee recognize the different demonic forces that might be operating in their lives. Once the tactics of Satan is recognized, the counselee must take a verbal stand against Satan, they cannot do it in their own strength but through the power of the Holy Spirit. The counselee must â€Å"Walk in the Light! †, â€Å"Walk in the Armor of God! † and â€Å"Walk in the Grace of God! (Spiritual Freedom). Discipleship Counseling is truly a must have for all who are interested in Christian counseling. Dr. Neil T. Anderson has covered every to pic, concern and issue pertaining to discipleship counseling. He brought up some very good points, which was difficult to narrow down to three significant points. But, without truth, dealing with root issues and the counselee maintaining their freedom, it would not be discipleship counseling, only secular counseling. He gives the reader a complete guide to helping others walk in freedom and grow in Christ. References Anderson, T. Neil. Discipleship Counseling. 2003). Venture, CA: Regal Books. Clinton, Tim. , Hart, Archibald. , amp; Ohlschlager, George. A New Guide for Christian Counseling: Caring For People God’s Way. (2005). Nashville, TN: Nelson Publishers. NIV-Scripture taken from the Holy Bible, New International Version. Copyright 1973, 1978, 1984 by International Bible Society. Used by permission of Zondervan Publishing House. Spiritual Freedom Manual. http://www. setfreeministries. com. Retrieved on February 24, 2010. The Discipleship Ministry. Spiritual Freedom. (2000 ). http://www. biblestudycd. com. Retrieved On February 24, 2010.

Sunday, March 8, 2020

Exercises in Identifying Subjects and Verbs

Exercises in Identifying Subjects and Verbs There are two basic parts of a sentence: the  subject  and the  predicate. The subject is usually a noun: a person, place or thing. The predicate is usually a phrase that includes a  verb: a word that identifies an action or state of being. For example, both run and is are  verbs.   One easy way to distinguish subjects from verbs is to put the word he or she before the word. If the phrase makes sense, the word is a verb. If it doesnt, its probably a noun. For example, is the word bird a subject (noun) or a verb? How about the word dances? To find out, put the word he in front of each word. He bird makes no sense, so the word bird is a noun and could be the subject of a sentence.  He dances does make  sense, so the word dances is a verb, which could be part of the predicate. Try these exercises to help you distinguish between subjects and verbs. Two exercises are provided to give you (or your students) two opportunities to practice. Exercise A: Identifying Subjects and Verbs For each of the following sentences, decide whether the word in bold print is the subject or the verb. When you are done, compare your responses with the answers below. The dog shivered.An owl shrieked.The moon disappeared behind the clouds.We waited.Nobody said a word.  For a moment, nobody even breathed.A light rain fell on our heads.The leaves trembled.Our hearts beat faster.Then the black sky opened up.Furious flames lit up the night. Answers 1. verb; 2. subject; 3. verb; 4. subject; 5. verb; 6. subject; 7. verb; 8. verb; 9. verb; 10. subject; 11. subject Exercise B: Identifying Subjects and Verbs For each of the following sentences, decide whether the word in bold print is the subject or the verb. When you are done, compare your responses with the answers below. Mr. William Herring is the jolliest man I know.His outward features reflect the delightful character within.His hair is red and frizzy, like Orphan Annies.His head is fat and round.He has small, dark, hamster-like eyes.His eyes peer inquisitively from behind metal-rimmed glasses.His small mouth is always formed into a friendly grin.His thick neck connects this funny head to an egg-shaped torso.He has two fat arms with plump hands and fingers shaped like hot dogs.On one of these fingers is a diamond-studded gold ring.The gleam of the ring matches the brilliance of Mr. Bills smile.His Santa Claus belly, girded by a cowboy belt, hangs over the sort of baggy trousers that went out of style with leisure suits and platform shoes.Mr. Bills shoes, however, are invisible beneath his trousers.Still, his walk is distinctive.In fact, he seems to roll rather than walk.He rolls to the rhythm of his own laughter.His students roll right along with him. Answers 1. subject; 2. verb; 3. subject; 4. verb; 5. verb; 6. subject; 7. subject; 8. verb; 9. subject; 10. subject; 11. verb; 12. subject; 13. verb; 14. subject; 15. verb; 16. verb; 17. subject

Friday, February 21, 2020

A change in the way you deal with other people Essay - 4

A change in the way you deal with other people - Essay Example I had been dating my partner for over 4 years and we had a strong relationship from my perspective. I trusted them with all my heart and never had any doubts about them. We have a long distance relationship because my partner studies and lives in another city. We also have a significant age difference as we are 7 years apart. However, our relationship was never affected by this and it was based on pure love and emotions. We never agreed to let society have an influence on our views towards each other. However, I could feel the distance between us and we only got to see each other for 4mths in a year. The last time my partner arrived, I saw and felt something different. They did not possess the same passion in their eyes as they always did the previous times. They were distant and more caught up in their â€Å"work† or â€Å"studies†. I felt something was wrong from the very beginning and on the 4th day I confirmed what I had been thinking all these days. While my partner was sleeping I took their phone and found some messages with another person. There was nothing intimate just some meeting proposals and some good night messages. However, I did not expect this and I felt so betrayed that they would keep this from me. I couldn’t imagine that someone I trust could so deceitful especially considering the fact that my life revolves around this person and every time I am waiting for their return. From this point onwards I lost ball my trust in people. I know people are different and one should never judge others based on someone’s mistakes. However, this has made me more cautious. In the past I was a very trusting person and it was easy for me to commit to people. I was what people would call an open book. However, this has all changed and I am now reserved. I do not think I will be fully able to open to people again. I now have the notion that the more people you trust or the more you trust someone, the higher the likeliho od that they will disappoint you. Life is

Wednesday, February 5, 2020

Business History Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Business History - Essay Example Smith's strong will coupled with his hard working attitude made him a successful man. His Canadian Office was in fact nicknamed as "The Light House" because the windows are frequently illuminated long after the remainder of the street was in darkness. On the other hand, Cooke's efficiency, friendliness and competence have impressed many businessmen which enabled him to climb in the corporate ladder of success. "He developed his skills rapidly, writing to his older brother at one point, 'I am getting to be a good judge of bank notes, can tell counterfeits at sight, and know all nearly the broken banks in the United States of America...' By the age of twenty-one Cooke was a full partner in the banking house..." (Frey 58). Smith had made his way to his fortune with the use of his persuasive skills and political connections. "He used his influence as an HBC officer and bribes to attempt a peaceful settlement..." (Redford 940). It was also said that, "Smith profited from his position in the HBC to survey business opportunities both for the company and for himself" (Redford 941). Smiths numerous personal business endeavours put a stress in his career at HBC (Hudson's Bay Company). "Undoubtedly, Smith's business ventures distracted him from his management of the HBC's affairs. He received periodic rebukes From Governor Sir Stafford Henry Northcote who complained that he had to report on land sales based on information gleaned from newspapers" (Redford 942). Smith was also said to have neglected the fur trade. William Joseph Christie, inspecting chief factor of the HBC reported to the London committee on the slack management of the company's affairs. Christie resigned his job when no action was taken on hi s information. Conversely, Jay Cooke first gained the attention of the banking industry when he marketed $3 million of Pennsylvania's bond issue. The state was in dire straits, it is indebted by $40 million. Cooke created a marketing strategy that made the bonds oversubscribe in less than a month. He sent agents all over the state and drafted circulars, pamphlets and posters emphasizing the patriotic need for the subscription of the issue. The proceeds of the bond issue were to be used as a necessary capital to win the war. Mr Cooke capitalized patriotism in selling the bonds. It can also be observed that Smith was politically active. It is but understandable why it seems this way, after all any political/high organizational position entails power that may be used to prosper or obliterate a business. Through these connections he was able to meet new business partners, engage in another business venture and gain more money. "Smith began a political career representing Winnepig-St John in the Manitoba legislature 1870-1874 and Selkirk in the House of Commons 1871-78" (Farr). Whereas, Cooke served the government as Ohio's financial adviser and he also helped develop sound fiscal policies during the American Civil War. In spite of Smith's hard work and achievements, a shadowy figure of him lurks

Monday, January 27, 2020

Strategic Analysis Of Nestle Company Management Essay

Strategic Analysis Of Nestle Company Management Essay The purpose of this paper is to critically evaluate the strategic decisions that have occurred over the corporate history of Nestle mentioned in the case and to what extent has Mergers and Acquisitions and Strategic Alliances played a role in NESTLEs strategy in that period. In order to evaluate these strategic decisions, the paper shall outline Nestlà ©s historical strategic decisions; give a brief description of each decision and how mergers and acquisitions contributed to the growth of the company. The paper goes on to explain the current strategies of Nestlà © and how sustainable these strategies may be in the future. It explains the rationalisation of these current strategies and the new strategies that ought to be developed. The paper then looks at the future strategies of Nestle to outline the issues that are likely to be faced when these strategies are implemented .Likely actions are then suggested which may help give solutions to problems faced by Nestle on implementation of its future strategies. The strategic decisions involve new product development, extensive research development and entry into new product category which were mostly achieved through mergers and acquisitions. The current strategy was noted as unsustainable in the long term due to the fact that most of the products of Nestlà © cannot be classified as healthy .The suggestion made was that Nestle should come up with strategies that will make them healthier than their competitors. Nestlà ©s future strategies were also scrutinized and possible solutions given to overcome some of the strategic implementation issues the organization is likely to face. 1.  Ã‚  Ã‚   Evaluate the strategic decisions that have occurred over the corporate history of NESTLE mentioned in the case and to what extent has Mergers and Acquisitions and Strategic Alliances played a role in NESTLEs strategy in that period?    Expansion According to Bell and Shelman (2009), Nestlà ©s sales expanded rapidly across Europe a few years after its inception. The company started developing an international reputation, and in 1905 it took the strategic decision of acquiring its main competitor, the Anglo-Swiss Condensed milk company (Bell and Shelman, 2009). The Federal Trade Commission refers to this as a horizontal merger where a firm acquires a former competitor allowing for a consolidation of companies in the same industry (Barney, 2011). As a result, Nestle in the early 1900s began positioning itself as a powdered milk, and infant food company. Furthermore, the combined companies through the Nestle brand name continued to grow through product and market extension mergers. Barney (2011) describes a product extension merger as one which adopts a complementary product through an acquisition, as seen in the case of Nestle which aligned product adoption in categories such as sugar, milk, cocoa and coffee. Nestlà © further undertook market extension mergers which involve gaining entry into complementary markets through acquisitions (Barney, 2011); whereby Nestle entered the confectionary, coffees, cereals, soft drinks, ice cream, water and prepared foods markets (See Ansoff Matrix below). Ansoff (1965) would argue that Nestlà © uses four different approaches to grow its products and markets. To explain the reasoning behind Nestlà ©s past MAs they can be assigned into these categories of growth which include: market penetration, product development, market development and diversification (See Ansoff Matrix above). During the 1920s, Nestle diversified its portfolio from infant formula to include Milo. This was its first powdered drink not created for infants. Spanning from 1938 to 1948, Nestlà © made the decision to enter into coffee and tea sector with the launch of Nescafe and Nestea. Nestle also diversified into the confectionary market, prepared foods, water, pet foods, energy bar and weight loss markets with the acquisitions of Peter, Cailler, Kohler Swiss Chocolate Company, Maggi, Vittel, Friskies, Powerbar and Jenny Craig respectively. Diversification outside the food and drink industry to enter pharmaceuticals and cosmetics was executed in the 1970s when it became a minority shareholder of LOreal (25%) and later acquired Alcon Laboratories. Barney (2011) highlights that acquiring new companies leads to reduction in production or distribution costs through economies of scale and vertical integration. Mergers and Acquisitions are also beneficial In increasing market share For industry know how and positioning For Financial leveraging (See appendix 3) Reasonable for this industry To improve profitability and EPS (See exhibit 2 for EPS 2006 and 2007) Source: Lasserre (2012) According to Lasserre (2012), MAs can also create several types of values for a company. He argues that they are justifiable if the economic value of the two entities is worth more combined than the sum of independent values before the merger (2012). Thus, the businesses must create shared economic values through synergy by increasing revenues whilst decreasing costs. Lasserre assumes these created values can be both short-term (one-off value) and long-term (synergistic effects). Diversification and global reach were the main values created for Nestlà © in its acquisitions. For example, Carnation enabled Nestle to extend not only in its product range but also to reach new areas around the world. The following table outlines the values created through Nestlà ©s MAs. Nestlà ©s MAs Value created Anglo-Swiss Condensed Milk Company  ·   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Consolidation Maggi  ·   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Diversification Acquisitions in canned and frozen foods, water, ice cream and pets food  ·   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Diversification Alcon Laboratories  ·   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Diversification  ·   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Options (to monitor the evolution of the technology) Carnation  ·   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Global reach  ·   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Diversification Ralston-Purina  ·   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Diversification Jenny Craig  ·   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Diversification Novartiss Gerber  ·   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Global reach  ·   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Options (to monitor the evolution of the technology) Table: Nestlà ©s MAs and their value created. Source: Authors own creation based on information from Bell and Shelman (2009) and Lasserre (2012). Furthermore, the relationship between Nestle and LOreal developed further when they created two joint-ventures: Galderma and Laboratories Inneov. According to Barney (2011), joint ventures are undertaken in order to manage risk, share costs, and enter into new markets and industries. It is assumed that Nestle saw the benefits of alliances rather than acquisitions into the cosmetics market due to its lack of knowledge on the industry. Once Nestlà © diversified its portfolio, they followed-up by expanding brands through what Ansoff (1965) refers to as market penetration. In order to utilise its current resources, and take advantage of the market opportunities created by Milo and Nescafe, Nestle developed new brands such as Nesquik and Nespresso (Bell and Shelman, 2009).   Additionally, Nestlà © acquired more brands consistent with its presence in the water and pet foods market: e.g. Vittel and Friskies.   Ã‚   According to Ansoff (1965), market development is the introduction of existing products into new markets. This can be seen through Nestlà ©s acquisitions of Stouffer, which enabled the company to sell its food products to different markets: frozen prepared meals. Lastly, Nestle used product development to introduce new products such as Buitoni, Carnation, and Kit Kat to grow within its existing market of food, powdered drinks and confectionary. Nestlà ©s diverse portfolio provides it with a competitive advantage, and has enabled the company to become the worlds largest food and Beverage Company (Bell and Shelman, 2009). However, it seems that some product diversifications through mergers and acquisitions led to the downfall of its profits; especially visible in the years leading up to Mauchers administration (Bell and Shelman, 2009). Barney (2011) suggests that mergers and acquisitions between strategically unrelated businesses do not necessarily create significant economic profits. Thus, it can be assumed that Nestlà ©s strategically unrelated acquisition of Alcon and partial acquisition of LOreal between 1974 and 1977, contributed to a decline in profits between 1978 and 1981. Supply Chain Rationalisation As Nestle grew and entered new markets, they worked towards horizontally integrating their supply chain. According to Christopher (2005), companies such as Nestle seek to spread geographically, whilst reducing costs through economies of scale by prioritising manufacturing and operational processes. This can be seen throughout the 1900s as Nestle invests in its value chain by: opening processing plants within the U.S., Britain, Germany and Spain; manufacturing in Australia; warehouses in Singapore, Hong Kong and Bombay; and factories in the U.S. and Brazil (Bell and Shelman 2009) (See Nestlà ©s value chain). Firm infrastructure Decentralized organization Executive Committee consists of the CEO and 12 top managers The company is structured through 43 regional organisations reporting to directors of three geographic zones (zone Europe, Asia/Oceania/Africa and zone Americas). Country managers are given a large degree of autonomy when dealing with customer matters. Nestlà ©s Value chain Human Resource Management Focus on developing local management Investment in training and providing cross experiences People start from the bottom and move their way up in the organisation Unique culture/ focus on long term results Developing people from acquired companies. Technology Development Strong RD platform/ open innovation model Big investment in RD (investment to support pharmaceutical businesses and food, nutrition, health and wellness) Creating an innovation acceleration team to support rapid product introductions. Initiating a common technology infrastructure/ a comprehensive information system named the GLOBE. Margin Procurement Purchasing some raw materials instead of processing them in-house. 60% of materials purchases from emerging economies Direct sourcing -In developing countries agricultural commodities are bought from local markets and often directly from farmers- rather than on the world market Service Jenny Craig -personal nutrition counselling / Jenny Direct website and phone /Home delivery. Personalized services 24/7 service though telephone and internet help line for Nestlà ©s premium products. Marketing sales Positioning the company as healthy Strong brands product and brand differentiation. Dealing directly with consumers. Medical nutrition: market to professionals Outbound Logistics Synchronization of data between manufacturing and retailers- through the GLOBE system. Introducing new distribution channels for some brands (e.g. Nespresso corners, boutiques and home delivery) Inbound Logistics Ware- Housing Operations -Manufacturing, food processing plants -Producing locally -About half of the factories are in developing countries/ production for the local market. -Partnership with local farmers -providing advice and support -Implementing quality control processes. Moreover, Nestle made the strategic decision of establishing local supply chains which meant deploying its agricultural capabilities down to  the farm level through strategic alliances. This is referred to as their milk district model which allows farmers to supply milk to the company directly and in exchange Nestle provides its resources and know-how, such as providing storage and chilling facilities (Nestle, 2012). This highlights the fact that Nestle was seeking to establish its value chain activities, or Global business system, earlier on in its history (See value chain above).   According to Hill and Hill (2009), this type of model has the capability of reinforcing a companys competitive advantage as it is able to overcome barriers to integration, better respond to delivery speed, simplify sharing of information and reduce costs of production (Bell and Shelman, 2009). Adapting to a Global Role Nestle recognised that for it to sustain its competitive advantage it needed to establish a global technological platform to capture data, manage information and create knowledge (Bell and Shelman, 2009). Consequently Brabeck made the strategic decision of initiating the GLOBE system. Using this common technological infrastructure, it would be able to share information amongst all Nestlà ©s businesses and allowed for a synchronization of data in its supply chain (Bell and Shelman 2009). Refocused Strategy: Nutrition, Health and Wellness Nutrition has always been an integral part of Nestlà ©s vision, dating back to its first nutritious infant formula. However, due to Nestlà ©s realisation of consumers being increasingly aware of the link between food, health and personal wellbeing, there has been more of a shift away from a technology and processing-driven image towards health and wellness (Bell and Shelman 2009). Under Brabecks tenure, a Nutrition Strategic Business Division was created, along with the acquisitions of Proteika, Musashi (nutrition business), Jenny Craig (diet centres) and Novartis Medical Nutrition (Bell and Shelman 2009). Restructuring of Research and Development Unit Nestlà © also made a strategic decision of restructuring its RD unit to satisfy customer needs and internal growth. This was by shifting away from small decentralized units set up globally to limited large resource-intensive centres. This was done to renovate old brands by finding multiple uses for its product. Under Brabecks tenure, a 60/40 preference rating system was introduced where products were either discontinued or sold if they did not achieve the 60% level. This was done in order to ameliorate the companys performance and market orientation (Bell and Shelman, 2009). 2.  Ã‚  Ã‚   To what extent is the current strategy of NESTLE competitively sustainable in the future? How should it be rationalised and what new strategies ought to be developed in the future? Current strategy Nestlà ©s current strategy was to achieve worldwide sustainable competitiveness through four strategic pillars: low cost, efficient operations, renovation and innovation of the Nestle product line, universal availability and improved communication with consumers through better branding. They also had a vision of transforming the company from a technology-and processing-driven food and beverage company towards a vision of nutrition, health and wellness. (Bell and Shelman, 2009, p.3). Nestlà ©s current strategy of reorganizing its operations did come as an advantage as in some cases moved away from its agricultural and processing roots to buying the ingredients from outside suppliers (Bell and Shelman, 2009). This can be argued on the basis of Nestlà © reducing the steps of its value chain activities as Brabeck explained some of these activities could not add value to some businesses. An example would be the fact that Nestlà © exited from cocoa roasting but still carried on producing chocolate. This in turn reduced the costs and made the value chain more efficient. In fact, in terms of strategic operations, Lasserre (2012) argues that making fundamental changes in the value chain can lead to developing new products and services which can help a company sustain its innovative advantage. Moreover, to enhance the reliability of its suppliers, Nestlà © implemented a strategy of forming partnerships with its suppliers by creating direct links with them and providin g them with support and technical advice. This helped the company cope with the volatility of the supply market and enhance its operations.   Therefore, in terms of operational efficiency, Nestlà © can be seen to be sustainably competitive. Secondly, Nestlà ©s current strategy was focused on renovating and innovating its product line through reorganizing its RD.   Lasserre (2012) suggests that organizations such as Nestlà © could be trying to gain a critical mass advantage. He further explains that in order to achieve this, a minimum amount of resources needs to be mobilized for an activity to perform efficiently and effectively. Hence, Nestlà ©s shift from decentralized units of RD to few large resource-intensive centres. As a result of its RD centralization, Nestlà © was able to reinvigorate old brands; an example was finding multiple uses of the Nesquik brand from not only being a powder but to also present it as syrup and into ready to drink varieties. However, this strategy came at a disadvantage to Nestlà © as they lost the benefits of decentralization. These benefits include proximity to markets which gives a firm the ability to create products that fit local customer specificities, gaining access to geogr aphical clusters of knowledge creation and development access to good-quality scientists and the capability of a firm to learn from different market and cultures (Lasserre, 2012). Therefore, in terms of its RD strategy, it could be argued that Nestlà © will have trouble sustaining its competitive advantage in the future since part of its future strategy is to expand to other markets. Thirdly, with the introduction of GLOBE in the mid-2000s, Nestle initiated an era of capturing data by tying all of Nestlà ©s entities together under a common technological platform. This led to the company standardizing its data to manage its vast information and create and share knowledge among its Strategic business units, manufacturers and retailers. The main idea was to use shared knowledge to enhance the collaboration between all the different units of the company which can reduce costs and produce value all over the organisation. Bauwens (2012) outlines this as a social innovation where knowledge is shared and can be used by others. A good example would be the fact that the Globe system allowed for a synchronization of data leading to an improvement in order fulfilment between manufacturers and retailers. This has allowed Nestlà © to sustain its competitive advantage by adapting much faster to change and delivering value to customer (Lasserre, 2012). Therefore, knowledge sha ring has the potential to play a big role in helping Nestlà © maintain its competitive advantage.    Nestlà ©s final strategic pillar of improving communication between the organization and consumers through better branding could signify the companys efforts to differentiate its products. Barney (2011) would argue that Nestlà © could be trying to alter perceptions of current and potential consumers by altering its product features. In fact, Nestlà © focused on reducing fat and calories as well as incorporating healthy and natural ingredients into a wide range of products. It could be argued also that better branding is linked to its vision of moving from a food and beverage company to a wellness, health and nutrition company. This could also be Nestlà ©s way of differentiating its products by taking advantage of its reputation in the marketplace as a leading company in its industry. Therefore, customers would, in the long term, respond positively to the companys efforts of producing healthier products. Thus, if Nestlà © actually succeeds in changing peoples perceptions and posi tion itself as a health driven company, it can manage to maintain its competitive advantage in the future. It is through these four strategic pillars that Nestlà © derives its current model, the Nestlà © model, which refers to the companys long term of objectives of organic growth (target of 5% and 6% each year), continuous yearly improvement in EBIT and improve capital management which determines the assets of the company against the profit it generates (Bell and Shelman, 2009). The company seems to be achieving its objective as it has slightly improved its earnings before interest and taxes as seen in exhibit 6; it has slightly made progress in its capital management through its improved return on capital employed as seen in Appendix 2; and it has been able to achieve its objective of organic growth between 5% and 6% except for 3 years between 1996 -2007 years also indicated in Exhibit 6. Therefore, it is safe to assume that Nestlà ©s current strategy is competitively sustainable in the present however it remains to be seen if it can be successful in the future with its new vision . This is due to the fact that Nestlà © is possibly trying to implement both product differentiation and cost leadership strategies. Porter (1980) defines such firms as stuck in the middle (Barney, 2011). On the one hand, three of its strategic pillars indicate the companys intention of becoming a cost leader through low cost operations, restructuring its product line and efficiently managing its knowledge. On the other hand, it wants to differentiate its whole portfolio of products and services by changing the product features or by diversifying their products. Porter (1980) cited in Barney 2011 further explains that if a firm tries to implement both strategies then one of them will fail. He continues to add that for a firm to be economically superior in a single industry then they need to sell   at a high price and have small market share (product differentiator) or sell at a low price and gain significant market share (cost leader) therefore Nestlà © needs to decide which of the two it wants to become . As a result, a lot of their organizational requirements such as organizational structure and management control systems are stuck in the middle for example the fact that certain products need to be managed globally especially in the nutrition division while others are locally managed. Nestlà ©s current strategy could be rationalized by foregoing their vision of being a nutrition, health and wellness organization. Instead they should focus on being more of a healthier food and beverages company as a cost leader with its current Nestlà © model. First of all, if Nestlà © was to pursue a health, nutrition and wellness strategy Nestlà © would then have to restructure its product portfolio by getting rid of its unhealthy products such as Hot Pockets, and Kit-Kat. In exhibit 8 it can be seen that these products do not deliver growth to the company yet in exhibit 9 they seem to have a higher market share. This shows that the unhealthy products are in fact the cash cows of Nestlà © which indicate that they are the foundation of the company. It should try and follow Unilevers example of focusing on its core products. Therefore, Nestlà © should frame new strategies and make changes to its vision. Instead of holding on to unrealistic goals, the company could reposition itself in the market as becoming healthier than the competition. In fact, Nestlà © has already implemented this approach in the past with several products by introducing some nutritional improvements. As an example, Nestlà © reduced ice-cream fat by 50% and calories by 30% for Dreyers Slow Churned ice-creams and added healthy ingredients to some chocolate snacks (Bell and Shelman 2009). This indicates that the company has the resources needed to deploy this repositioning strategy. The company should also revaluate its SWOT analysis in terms of switching its vision to Health, Nutrition and Wellness. (refer to Appendix 2) Indeed, the strong RD platform enables Nestlà © to produce more healthy products while maintaining its taste. Moreover, Nestlà © has the capabilities of doing so with its open innovation model (global network with 5,000 scientists and technologists as well as RD centres worldwide) which enables the company to maximize its chances of coming up with new and innovative products. 3.  Ã‚  Ã‚   With regards to future strategies what are the strategic implementation issues likely to be faced by the company and what actions should they take to overcome them? Future strategies One of the future strategies of Nestlà © is to grow internally instead of growing through mergers and acquisition. Implementing this strategy could be catastrophic for the company as its growth has been largely relying on acquisitions and joint ventures. Nestlà © would also lose the benefits of using joint ventures, strategic alliances and acquisitions (Appendix 4). This would then imply that Nestlà © would have to use its own resources and core competencies to expand thus placing a greater risk on the business. It can also have a negative impact on the liquidity position of the company. A way in which this issue could be overcome is by applying both strategies. By applying both strategies, the company would be able to spread its corporate risk and share its costs as its return on capital employed still continues to generate profits for the company. Additionally, Nestlà © has managed to build strong foundations through mergers and acquisitions which has led it to improve its financial position. As seen on Exhibit 4, the acquisition of businesses has increased from 447 million in 2006 to 456 million in 2007 which has improved its cash flow. Therefore, in order to maintain a strong position, Nestlà © should carry on with mergers and acquisitions as well as growing internally. Another of the future strategies initiated by Bulcke is to shift the structure of Nestlà © from an organisation by country to an organisation by business through sharing best practices using GLOBE (Bell and Shelman 2009, p.10). He argues that this would enable Nestlà © to start managing its operations globally instead of adapting to every market. However, using the McKinsey 7s framework, many issues can be foreseen as seen on the table below. Factor Strategy Produce variety of quality products, wide variety of brands. Focus on nutrition, health and wellness. 4 strategic pillars (low cost, efficient operations, renovation and innovation of the Nestle product line, universal availability and improved communication with consumers through better branding) (Bell and Shelman, 2009, p. 3) Structure Decentralised and relatively flat organisational structure which helps to cater for local needs thus increasing flexibility. organized by country/ every country is like a small kingdom It has operations worldwide through strategic business units. System Comprehensive information system:   the GLOBE Employees move from the bottom up in the organisation. Style Democratic leadership style: managers are given autonomy to take decisions.   As such, they feel a sense of belonging in the organisation Staff Nestlà © maintains local companies with regional staff in local markets as they better understand the needs of customers. 43 regional organisations. More than 275,000 employees. It has a pool of experts- its staff consists of scientists, technologists from top universities (Bell and Shelman, 2009, p. 6) Skills Nestlà ©s competitive advantage is its RD. It has a high level of technology (23 Product Technology Centres), and  a network of experts around the world. (Bell and Shelman, 2009, p. 9). Shared Values Deliver long term value to shareholders. Focus on long term results. Unwritten culture strong personal culture (Bell and Shelman, 2009, p. 8). Although the change in the structure and the strategy was supported with a change in systems by adapting the GLOBE, other elements of the framework have not been adapted. For instance, the style used by Nestlà © was a democratic leadership style where management in the different countries are given a great deal of autonomy. By changing to a more centralized and global management style some internal resistance from the people can emerge.   The different markets are used to operating as small kingdoms (Bell and Shelman 2009, p.10). Therefore, given that country managers in the different countries were used to be given a great deal of freedom especially when dealing with issues related directly to the customer, this new strategy can produce some internal problems for Nestlà ©. To overcome this issue, other elements of the 7s framework have to be adapted. The main element that links everything together is shared values. Nestlà © has to work on making changes to its internal culture by introducing new shared values between its people. Implementing the GLOBE is not enough to implement the new strategy, a culture of sharing information and best practices should also be introduced and reinforced. Nestlà © should teach its people to move from a management style of taking control and matters into their own hands to a style of sharing control and producing decisions globally and collectively. The implementation of this approach may differ across countries due to the cross-cultural differences between countries. According to Lasserre (2012), country specific cultural values influence managerial values and assumptions in an organisation. As an example, Lasserre (2012) illustrates that western countries are more individualistic while Asian countries are collectivists which heavily impacts how business is done in these countries. In terms of implementing a culture of sharing, it can be assumed that Asian countries would respond more positively to the change than western countries.   Ã‚   Nestlà © intends to achieve its future growth by implementing four platforms for growth which are health, nutrition and wellness (to be the centrepiece), emerging markets, out of home consumption and premiumisation of existing products. (Bell and Shelman, 2009).The aforementioned strategy for growth is expected to double Nestlà ©s sales in the next 10 years. (Bell and Shelman, 2009)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Bulcke emphasized that the priority should be on health, nutrition and wellness to implement the vision into every product segment and every country. This vision is in line with Brabecks strategies of going beyond food to Nutrition, Health and Wellness (Bell and Shelman, 2009). The total sales for Nestlà © Nutrition segment has significantly increased from 5,964 million in 2006 to 8,434 in 2007, which represents an improvement of 41% as shown in Exhibit 11. Although total sales have increased, most products that have led to this increase in sales were unhealthy. So, in order to maintain its vision as a Health, Nutrition and Wellness, Nestlà © should give up its unhealthy products in the long term. However, this would negatively impact on the financial position of the company as these are its core products. Moreover, making the same products available in every market might not be adapted to the needs of every customer in terms of tastes, preferences and nutritional value so Nestlà © should make sure at least every different product are tailored to the needs of every different market.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Regarding emerging markets, Bulcke found out that these markets are growing at a faster pace and therefore Nestlà © should integrate further into it as there is a high potential for growth. The implementation of popularly position products (PPP), a strategy designed for low income earners so they can afford good nutrition products on a daily basis, is ex

Sunday, January 19, 2020

Song Analysis: We Didn’t Start the Fire by Billy Joel Essay example --

Every song has a story to tell, and some contain hidden stories or lessons, while others are completely blatant. In Billy Joel’s song, â€Å"We Didn’t Start the Fire,† he does not hesitate to be very obvious with what he tries to prove, which is how all of the events in his song contribute to one large fire. I chose to remediate Joel’s song because it spoke to me with historical context. When researching the song, I read a majority of the history behind it and decided to reflect upon it in a visual picture collage, combining a majority of the elements he mentions with pictures--all circled around a fire in the middle. I decided to also make red-dyed cupcakes reflecting the fire Joel speaks of and ice them with a flame, yet placing an X over it, since he claims â€Å"we didn’t start the fire.† Both of my remediation’s have elaborate histories, first starting with the collage. There is quite an intricate past of collages, beginning in the early 1900’s. The history of collages goes back to the time of Picasso. That is not really that long at all, so collages are relatively new compared to painting which began during the time of cavemen. â€Å"The first deliberate and innovative use of collage in fine art came in two works by Picasso in the spring of 1912† (Kachur 1). Picasso was not considered the one who created the collage, but rather the first to apply it to modern art in that time. It is not only fabulous artists who use collages. A lot of teenagers may create collages without even knowing it, just by assembling pictures of their family and friends, or of magazine clippings. Collages can be extremely dynamic or exceptionally simple, depending on who the artist is and the purpose of the piece of art. Collages are a great way to visually repres... ... a bookmark in history representing the events people had to encounter throughout those 40 years. Works Cited Delahunt, Michael. â€Å"Collage.† Artcyclopedia.com. Web. 5 Nov. 2009. Kachur, Lewis. â€Å"Collage.† Grove Art Online. Oxford Art Online. 5 Nov. 2009. Musser, George. â€Å"Cupcakes.† Academic Search Premier. Sept. 2009. Web. 4 Nov. 2009. Stern, Fred. â€Å"A short history of collage (The Arts).† World and I. Dec. 2008. General OneFile. Web. 4 Nov. 2009. â€Å"We Didn’t Start the Fire.† Wikipedia.com. 30 Oct. 2009. Web. 4 Nov. 2009. Delahunt, Michael. â€Å"Collage.† Artcyclopedia.com. Web. 5 Nov. 2009. Kachur, Lewis. â€Å"Collage.† Grove Art Online. Oxford Art Online. 5 Nov. 2009. Stern, Fred. â€Å"A short history of collage (The Arts).† World and I. Dec. 2008. General OneFile. Web. 4 Nov. 2009. â€Å"We Didn’t Start the Fire.† Wikipedia.com. 30 Oct. 2009. Web. 4 Nov. 2009.

Saturday, January 11, 2020

Cabling and Factor Tools Essay

When choosing cabling for a network, there are several factors to consider: cost, Expansion capabilities, bandwidth, signal attenuation, and EMI (Electro- Magnetic Interference). Each type of cable has different specifications that affect these factors, and each organization has different needs. Considering Cable system factors is very important for building a network system that meets an organization’s needs. Now in the design of the installation of your cabling a poorly designed or installed network cabling set-up can reduce network performance. Today, data centers are growing and maturing, and cable management is becoming an important consideration. Proper cable management allows the fast identification of all system connections both at the physical layer and at the documentation level; good cable management also improves the maintenance of hardware equipment and the installation of new one; and finally, structured cabling management makes possible the effective cooling of the data center. You also have to consider fire and safety issues, for where you will be installing the cables. How they will be run throughout the building, will the cables be near other electrical cables and can it cause interference. Will the cableling be properly used under standards and local codes? And if not what would have to be done in order to makes sure it’s all up to code, and fire safety inspections. Some of the tools that will be needed for your installation will be Crimpers, Wire cutters/Stripper, Cable ties, Punch-down tools, voltage dectors, testing tools for when done. Also it would be smart to have a drill and bits/paddle bits, pliers, gloves, flashlight, and a tape measure. These are just a few things that would be useful to have. Prev Page Next Page Search

Friday, January 3, 2020

Effective Wellness Programs For Reducing Absenteeism

Employers have progressively become interested in workplace wellness programs and activities to reduce absenteeism. Wellness programs have become increasingly popular because it has proven to be beneficial to both employers and employees. Consequently, the vast majority of organizations offer some type of wellness benefit to their employees since an effective wellness program can improve employees’ health, which can reduce absenteeism and increase productivity, morale and retention. The LAMP framework will be utilized to determine the reason why absenteeism is a major concern and how measurements and analytics can give insight to the importance of wellness programs for reducing absenteeism. It is imperative to know how measurements drive†¦show more content†¦Thus, it is essential to identify and understand the causes and consequences of absenteeism. Absenteeism can be defined as voluntary nonattendance at work without a valid reason, however it can also be defined as any failure to report for or remain at work as scheduled, regardless of reason with the exception of vacation, personal leave, and jury-duty leave (Cascio et al., 2011). Nevertheless, unscheduled absences with or without a valid reason is disruptive and costly to the company since work is done less efficiently by another employee or is not completed at all. Consequently, employees that are present for work are overworked, which decreases their productivity and morale. Understanding the correlation between how many absences are caused by health issues can determine if an effective wellness program can influence and reduce absenteeism. The increasing prevalence of chronic diseases in the working-age population should be concerning since it can impact the cost of employer-sponsored health coverage and absenteeism. As a result, it is imperative that the Interpublic Group seek alternatives to reduce its health costs without sacrificing the health of its employees. The goal is to find evidence that indicates if healthier lifestyles among employees can decrease employers’ health costs since employees who pursue healthy behaviors have fewer illnesses and injuries than other workers, and if they recover from illnesses and injuriesShow MoreRelatedWellness Programs Can Be Provided By Employers As A Service Under Discretionary Benefits1673 Words   |  7 PagesWellness programs can be provided by employers as a service under discretionary benefits. Employers began implementing wellness programs to promote and maintain employees’ physical and psychological health in the 1980s (Martocchio, 2014). 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